Great Britain. London

 

Great Britain

  The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is situated on the British Isles. It consists of four parts: England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. 

  England, Wales and Scotland occupy the territory of Great Britain. Northern Ireland is situated in the northern part of Ireland. The territory of the United Kingdom is about 244,000 square kilometres, it takes the 75th place among other countries in the world. The population is more than 57 million. About 80% of the population is urban. The capital of the country is London. Great Britain is separated from the continent by the English Channel which is 34 km wide in its narrowest point. The country is also washed by the North Sea, the Irish Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. 

  The surface of Great Britain varies greatly. The northern and western parts of the country is mountainous and is called the Highlands. All the rest (south, east and centre) is a vast plain which is called the Lowlands. The mountains are not very high. The rivers are not long. The most important of them are the Severn, the Thames, the Trent . There are many beautiful lakes in the mountainous parts of the country. 

  The mountains, the Atlantic Ocean and the warm waters of the Gulf Stream influence the climate of Great Britain. It is mild the whole year round. 

  Great Britain is a highly developed industrial country. It is known as one of the world's largest producers and exporters of iron and steel products, machinery and electronics, chemicals and textile, aircraft and navigation equipment. One of the chief industries of the country is shipbuilding. 7 per cent of the population is engaged in farming. 

  Great Britain is a country with old cultural traditions and customs. The most famous educational centres are Oxford and Cambridge universities. They are considered to be the intellectual centres of Europe. The education is not free, it is very expensive. 

  The United Kingdom is a monarchy and the Queen is the head of the state. But in practice it is ruled by the elected government with a Prime Minister at the head. The British Parliament consists of two chambers: the House of Lords and the House of Commons. It sits in the House of Parliament in Westminster.

 There are three main political parties in Great Britain: the Labour, the Conservative and the Liberal parties. The Conservative party with Boris Johnson at the head is the ruling party nowadays. There’s no written constitution in Great Britain only precedents and traditions.

Words

to be situated — быть расположенным

British Isles — Британские острова

to occupy — занимать

surface — поверхность

to vary — меняться

high — высокий

low — низкий

land — земля, страна

plain — равнина

vast — огромный

lake — озеро

mountainous — гористый 

shipbuilding — кораблестроение 

education — образование 

free —- бесплатный 

expensive — дорогой 

to influence — влиять 

climate — климат 

mild — мягкий 

industry — промышленность 

population — население 

develop — развивать 

to produce — производить 

to export — экспортировать

chemicals -— продукты химической промышлен­ности

textile — текстиль 

government — правительство 

chamber — палата 

to rule — править

2. Ответьте письменно на вопросы. 

1. What is the official name of Great Britain?

2. Where is the U. K. situated?

3. What parts does it consist of?

4. What is the territory and the population of the United Kingdom?

5. What city is the capital of the U. K.?

6. What is the surface of the country?

7. Are there any big rivers and lakes?

8. Why is the climate of the British Isles milder than that of the Continent?

9. The United Kingdom is a highly developed industrial country, isn’t it?

10. What goods does the British industry produce?

11. What industrial cities are there in Great Britain?

12. What outstanding people of Great Britain do you know?

13. Are there any big educational establishments in Great Britain?

14. Great Britain is a constitutional monarchy, isn’t it?

15. What is the name of the Queen of Great Britain?

16. Is her power limited by Parliament?

17. How many chambers does the British Parliament consist of? What are they?

18. What are the main political parties in Great Britain?

19. Who is the Prime Minister of Great Britain?

20. Which political party does he represent?

2. Посмотрите видео о достопримечательностях Лондона, пройдя по ссылке 

1    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WFRR0zC70-0 

2    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=piIXzRnJ8PM

3. Подготовьте сообщение о достопримечательностях Лондона.  

4. Повторите как образуется и употребляется  Present Perfect.

Пройдя по ссылке, выполните 
онлайн тест 1  https://www.englishclub.com/grammar/verb-tenses_present-perfect_quiz.htm  
онлайн тест 2  https://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/tests/present-perfect-simple-1. 

Выполните тест для самоконтроля
TEST

1.What is the official name of Great Britain now?

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northen Ireland

Great Britain

The United Kingdom of Great Britain

2. What parts does Great Britain consist of and what are their capitals?

England (London); Scotland(Cardiff); Wales(Edinburgh); Northern Ireland (Belfast).

England (London); Scotland (Edinburgh); Wales (Cardiff); Northern Ireland (Belfast)

Britain (London); Wales (Cardiff); Scotland (Edinburgh); Ireland (Belfast)

3. Britain’s population is more than… million people

56

560

5,6

4. Great Britain is separated from the continent by…

the Pacific Ocean

the Irish Sea

the English Channel

5.The head of State in Britain is ....

the Prime Ministerthe 

President

the Queen

6.The National Gallery is in …

Piccadily Circus

Parliament Square

Trafalgar Square

7. The Great Fire of London broke out in…

1066

1106

1666

8.The population of London is about

10 million

5 million

8 million

9. The oldest part of London is

the City

Westminster

the East-End

10.The Queen of England lives in

Hampton Court Palace

Buckingham Palace

The Tower of London

11. In front of Buckingham Palace there is

Nelson's Column

Albert Memorial

the Queen Victoria Memorial

12. The Prime Minister lives in

No 10 Downing Street

Parliament Square

Whitehall

13. Whitehall is

fine building

wide street leading to Parliament Square

famous museum

14. The Tower of London …

is where the Queen lives

is London's biggest art museumwas 

a fortress, a palace, a prison, a zoo, and now it is a museum

15. Trafalgar Square

is Britain's main banking centre

is London's main shopping centre

was built to remember the battle of Trafalgar

16. Royal Opera House

is in Covent Garden

is famous for the Poet's Corner

is one of the most famous libraries in the world

17. St Paul's Cathedral

was built after the Great Fire of London

is for Queen Elizabeth ' home where she often stays at Christmas and Easter

is in Covent Garden

18. Oxford Street

is Britain's main banking centre

is London's main shopping centre

is famous for the Poet's Corner

19. The National Gallery

is London's biggest art museum

is one of the most famous libraries in the world

is the largest private collection in the world

20.Windsor Castle

is for Queen Elizabeth ' home where she often stays at Christmas and Easter

was a fortress, a palace, a prison, a zoo, and now it is a museum

is where the Queen lives

21.Westminster Abbey

was built after the Great Fire of London

is famous for the Poet's Corner

is one of the most famous libraries in the world

22.The City of London

is Britain's main banking centre

is London's main shopping centr

eis famous for the Poet's Corner

23.The Speaker's Corner

is in Hyde Park where anyone can make a speech

is famous for the Poet's Corner

is one of the most famous libraries in the world

24.The Serpentine

is the lake in the middle of Hyde Park

is the river in the center of London

is in Covent Garden