THE KREMLIN
The Kremlin is the heart of Moscow. It is the oldest historical and architectural centre of Moscow.
First it was a wooden fortress. Under Dmitry Donskoy the Kremlin was built of white stone. During the reign of Ivan III the walls of white stone were replaced by new red bri ck walls and towers. The Tsar invited Italian architects to construct the cathedrals. The Assumption Cathedral was built in 1475-1479 and all Russian Tsars and Emperors were crowned there. The Archangel Cathedral was the burial place of the Russian Princes and Tsars. The Annunciation Cathedral was built in 1484. It is famous for the icons painted by Andrey Rublev and his apprentices. Ivan the Great is the Bell Tower, one of the most remarkable structures of the 16-th century. It rises in the centre of the Kremlin. It unites all the Kremlin Cathedrals into a majestic ensemble.
On the stone pedestal at the foot of the Bell Tower there is a Tsar-Bell — the largest bell in the world. Not far from it one can see a Tsar-Cannon.
Another fine example of Russian architecture is the Faceted Palace. It was built in 1487-91.
One of the well-known Kremlin museums is the Armoury Chamber. It was built in 1851. The famous golden cap of Monomach, the first Russian imperial crown of Catherine II, made of gilt silver and many other precious historical items are exhibited there.
One of the well-known Kremlin museums is the Armoury Chamber. It was built in 1851. The famous golden cap of Monomach, the first Russian imperial crown of Catherine II, made of gilt silver and many other precious historical items are exhibited there.
Выучить слова
Assumption Cathedral — Успенский собор
Annunciation Cathedral — Благовещенский собор
Faceted Palace — Грановитая палата
Armoury Chamber — Оружейная палата
Bell Tower — колокольня
2. Ответьте на вопросы письменно.
1. When were the red walls constructed?
2. Where were the Russian Tsars and Emperors crowned?
3. Which Cathedral is connected with Andrey Rublev?
4. What is Annunciation Cathedral famous for?
5. What is exhibited in the Armoury Chamber?
3. Translate into English:
- Кремль окружен стеной с 20 башнями, построенными для украшения и не имеющими военного значения.
- Древние постройки Кремля включают церкви, колокольню Ивана Великого и относятся к 15-18 векам (date back to).
- Церкви Соборной площади известны своими фресками и гробницами царей.
- В Успенском соборе короновали царей и императоров.
- В Грановитой палате давали приемы в честь иностранных послов.
- В Оружейной палате хранятся мебель, одежда и оружие из царских коллекций.
4. Посмотрите видео о Кремле
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